Device-Level Electrification and Efficiency
ApprovedPublished 2025-02-07
Foreword
This document has been prepared by the OpenEAC Alliance, a collaborative group of energy engineering and measurement and verification professionals focused on creating transparent and standardized methods to measure the environmental impacts of demand side interventions. These methodologies are designed to align with best practices and reflect input from industry experts. The OpenEAC Alliance aims to enhance accountability and consistency in documenting energy and carbon savings from distributed energy resources (DERs).
About the OpenEAC Alliance
The OpenEAC Alliance is an organization of professionals dedicated to standardizing the measurement and verification of DERs. By focusing on clarity and rigor, the Alliance aims to overcome challenges that have hindered the proper valuation of DERs for their climate benefits. Central to this effort is the Energy Attribute Certificate (EAC), a standard that provides a detailed, auditable record of energy project impacts, including attributes such as type, timing, and location of energy production or reduction.
The OpenEAC Alliance collaborates to develop open-source methodologies, ensuring that DER projects can be accurately measured, verified, and valued in a way that promotes trust and drives market adoption.
Introduction
An electrification or energy efficiency Intervention changes how a building uses fuel and electricity. Quantifying that change normally needs meter data from the building. Many Interventions have none: the meter is not accessible, the utility does not release interval data, or the Intervention is too recent to have a Reporting Period of data behind it.
This document specifies how to quantify the impact of such an Intervention from the attributes of the building and the Measure Types installed, with no meter data from the Asset. The estimate is deemed. It is derived from a building energy dataset, scaled to the Asset, and then adjusted for the weather that actually occurred.
The result is an hourly Counterfactual fuel loadshape and an hourly reporting electricity loadshape, both attributed to the Device. Hourly resolution is what allows an Energy Attribute Certificate to carry the timing of the impact rather than an annual total.
Scope
This document specifies the calculation of hourly avoided fuel consumption and hourly additional electricity consumption for a Device installed by an electrification or energy efficiency Intervention, where no meter data for the Asset is available.
This methodology supports:
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Electrification of end uses such as residential space heating, water heating, and full electrification.
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Energy efficiency Interventions such as insulation, window replacement, or HVAC upgrades.
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Fully deemed analysis, in which the Baseline Period and the Reporting Period are both derived from the NREL ResStock dataset filtered on the attributes of the Asset.
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Scaled analysis, in which either a submitted annual fuel consumption or the Conditioned Floor Area of the space that the Device serves scales a ResStock loadshape.
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A Baseline fuel of natural gas, fuel oil, district hot water, or district steam.
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Partial and hybrid electrification, in which the Asset still consumes fuel after the Intervention.
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Adjustment of the deemed loadshapes for the weather that occurred during the Reporting Period.
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Residential buildings in the United States, which is the population that NREL ResStock represents.
This methodology does not currently support:
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An Asset with sufficient meter data. Where the Asset meets the data sufficiency requirements of the whole-building metered and modeled methodology, that methodology takes precedence, because a measured Baseline binds the estimate to the building.
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An Asset with Device-level temperature and flow rate sensors. The heat pump sensor methodology takes precedence, for the same reason.
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A Baseline fuel of propane or delivered wood, which the ResStock output columns do not carry.
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Commercial buildings, which NREL ResStock does not represent.
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Conversion of energy impact to carbon impact. The Decarbonization Accounting methodology owns that conversion.
At the boundary, the calculation degrades rather than fails, in one direction only. Where a supported but unknown building attribute prevents a single ResStock building from being selected, the implementer substitutes the modal value of that attribute across the filtered population, and records the substitution. Where an attribute that this methodology requires is unavailable, or where no ResStock building satisfies the required filters, the Asset is not eligible under this methodology.
Normative References
The following documents are essential for the application of this specification. For references with no date, the latest edition applies:
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NREL ResStock Documentation: https://resstock.nrel.gov/
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NREL ResStock Data Dictionary: https://resstock.nrel.gov/data-dictionary
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NREL End-Use Load Profiles Technical Documentation, 2022, which defines the measure upgrades: https://oedi-data-lake.s3.amazonaws.com/nrel-pds-building-stock/end-use-load-profiles-for-us-building-stock/2022/EUSS_ResRound1_Technical_Documentation.pdf
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OpenDSM EEMeter: https://lfenergy.org/projects/opendsm/
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OpenDSM EEWeather: https://eeweather.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
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OpenEAC Alliance Shared Guidelines: https://methods.openeac.org/shared-guidelines
Terms and Definitions
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Asset: The building in which the Intervention took place.
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Intervention: A change made in a building that leads to a measurable difference in energy use patterns and carbon emissions.
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Device: The equipment that the Intervention installed, and the unit to which this methodology attributes impact.
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Measure Type: A specific end use within a building that the Intervention changed, such as conditioned heating, water heating, or range oven.
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Implementer: The party that submits the project data and applies this methodology.
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Verifier: The party that checks conformance with this methodology.
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Baseline Period: The period that represents the Asset before the Intervention. Under this methodology the Baseline Period is deemed rather than measured.
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Reporting Period: The period after the Intervention for which impact is claimed.
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Counterfactual: The energy consumption of the Asset in the Reporting Period in the absence of the Intervention.
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Loadshape: A time series of energy consumption at hourly resolution.
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8760: A loadshape that covers one non-leap year at hourly resolution, being 8,760 hours.
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Conditioned Floor Area: The floor area of the conditioned space that the Device serves, in square metres.
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Energy Intensity: Energy consumption per unit of floor area, as published in the NREL ResStock output columns.
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Equivalent Floor Area: The floor area that, multiplied by the fuel Energy Intensity of the matched building, reproduces the scaled fuel loadshape. It is the Conditioned Floor Area where floor area did the scaling, and a derived figure where a submitted annual consumption did.
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Effective Useful Life: The number of years over which the Device is expected to deliver the Intervention, submitted by the Implementer, which bounds the Reporting Period.
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Residual Fuel: Fuel that the Asset still consumes after the Intervention, which is zero for a full replacement and non-zero for a partial or hybrid system.
Data Requirements
The Implementer shall submit all of the following. Where a requirement is not met, the stated consequence applies.
1 The Measure Types that the Intervention changed, drawn from the Measure Types in Appendix 2. Where the Intervention changed a Measure Type that Appendix 2 does not list, the Asset is not eligible under this methodology.
2 The building attributes that Appendix 4.2 marks as required. Where any required attribute is unavailable, the Asset is not eligible under this methodology.
3 The Conditioned Floor Area of the space that the Device serves, in square metres. Where the Conditioned Floor Area is unavailable, the Asset is not eligible under this methodology, because Methodology 1.2.2 has no other scaling input.
4 The annual Baseline fuel consumption of the Device, where it is known. This is optional. Where it is submitted, Methodology 1.2.1 takes precedence over 1.2.2.
5 The Effective Useful Life of the Device, in whole years, which bounds the Reporting Period under Methodology 1.5.
6 The date on which the Intervention was completed, which starts the Reporting Period.
7 The location of the Asset, as a postal code and a state, which Methodology 2.1 consumes for building selection and Methodology 3.3 consumes to resolve a weather station.
8 Hourly outdoor air temperature covering at least 90% of the Reporting Period, from a source that satisfies Methodology 3.3. Where coverage is below 90%, the Implementer shall shorten the Reporting Period to a span that meets the threshold, and shall report the excluded span.
The Implementer shall record every attribute substitution made under Methodology 2.1, together with the substituted value and the population count that supported it. A Verifier cannot otherwise reproduce the building selection.
The Implementer shall not submit meter data from the Asset in support of this methodology. Meter data brings the Asset within the scope of the whole-building metered and modeled methodology, which takes precedence.
Methodology
1 Impact calculation
1.1 Method selection
1.1.1 The Implementer shall calculate an hourly Counterfactual avoided fuel loadshape under 1.2, then an hourly additional electricity loadshape under 1.3. The order matters, because 1.3 consumes the Equivalent Floor Area that 1.2 returns.
1.1.2 Two methods are available for 1.2. Where the Implementer submitted an annual Baseline fuel consumption, the Implementer shall apply 1.2.1. Otherwise the Implementer shall apply 1.2.2.
1.1.3 One method is available for 1.3. The electricity loadshape is scaled by the Equivalent Floor Area from 1.2 rather than independently, so that both sides of the impact describe a building of one size.
1.1.4 The Implementer shall record which method of 1.2 was selected.
1.2 Counterfactual avoided fuel consumption
1.2.1 Scaling to a submitted annual fuel consumption
1.2.1.1 Derive the hourly fuel Energy Intensity loadshape under 2.2, as an 8760.
1.2.1.2 Calculate the Equivalent Floor Area as the submitted annual fuel consumption divided by the sum of the 8760 from 1.2.1.1.
1.2.1.3 Multiply every hour of the 8760 by the Equivalent Floor Area, so that its annual sum equals the submitted annual fuel consumption.
1.2.1.4 Apply the weather normalization in 3.2 to obtain the hourly Counterfactual for the Reporting Period.
1.2.2 Scaling by Conditioned Floor Area
1.2.2.1 Derive the hourly fuel Energy Intensity loadshape under 2.2, as an 8760.
1.2.2.2 Multiply every hour of that 8760 by the Conditioned Floor Area of the space that the Device serves.
1.2.2.3 The Equivalent Floor Area is the Conditioned Floor Area.
1.2.2.4 Apply the weather normalization in 3.2 to obtain the hourly Counterfactual for the Reporting Period.
1.3 Additional electricity consumption
1.3.1 Derive the hourly electricity Energy Intensity loadshape under 2.2, as an 8760.
1.3.2 Multiply every hour of that 8760 by the Equivalent Floor Area returned by 1.2.
1.3.3 Apply the weather normalization in 3.2 to obtain the hourly additional electricity consumption for the Reporting Period.
1.4 Net impact
1.4.1 Methodology 2.2 returns two fuel series for the matched building: consumption before the upgrade, which is the Counterfactual, and consumption after it, which is the Residual Fuel. For a full replacement the Residual Fuel is zero. For a partial or hybrid system it is not.
1.4.2 For each hour of the Reporting Period, the avoided fuel consumption is the Counterfactual from 1.2 less the Residual Fuel from 1.4.1. The fuel impact is the negative of that difference. Fuel that the Asset still consumes is not avoided.
1.4.3 For each hour of the Reporting Period, the electricity Counterfactual is zero, because this methodology attributes impact to a Device that did not exist before the Intervention. The electricity impact is therefore the whole of the series from 1.3.
1.4.4 The Implementer shall report the fuel impact and the electricity impact as separate hourly series, in the base unit of each energy source. Summing them discards the distinction between the two energy sources, which the Energy Attribute Certificate carries.
1.4.5 Where an hour of the Reporting Period lacks the weather data that 3.2 consumes, the Implementer shall exclude that hour from both series, and shall report the excluded fraction of the Reporting Period.
1.5 Reporting Period duration
1.5.1 The Reporting Period begins on the date the Intervention was completed.
1.5.2 The Reporting Period ends on the earlier of two dates: the completion date advanced by the Effective Useful Life, and seven days before the present date.
1.5.3 The Implementer shall not claim impact beyond the Effective Useful Life. A deemed estimate carries no evidence that the Device still operates, so the submitted Effective Useful Life is the only bound on the claim.
2 Energy estimation methods
2.1 NREL ResStock building selection
2.1.1 This method selects the single ResStock building whose attributes best represent the Asset. Selection runs in two passes: a filter that reduces the dataset to a candidate population, then a narrowing that reduces the population to one building.
2.1.2 Match the Intervention to one of the predefined measure upgrades that Appendix 1 lists. Where no listed upgrade corresponds to the Intervention, the Asset is not eligible under this methodology.
2.1.3 Where the Asset has no backup heating system, the Implementer shall select an upgrade that carries an electric backup, and shall record that substitution. Assumption 3 states the direction of the resulting bias.
2.1.4 Apply every filter in Appendix 4.1, and the filter for every attribute that Appendix 4.2 marks as required. The result is the candidate population.
2.1.5 Where the candidate population is empty, the Asset is not eligible under this methodology.
2.1.6 Narrow the candidate population to one building using the attributes in Appendix 4.2 that are not marked as required. Where the value of such an attribute at the Asset is known, the Implementer shall filter on that value. Where it is unknown, the Implementer shall filter on the value held by the largest number of buildings in the candidate population, and shall record the substitution.
2.1.7 Where the narrowing leaves more than one building, the Implementer shall select the building whose floor area is closest to that of the Asset, and shall record the size of the remaining population. An unordered selection from a tied population is not reproducible by a Verifier.
2.2 NREL ResStock loadshape derivation
2.2.1 Obtain the hourly output files for the building selected in 2.1, for the measure upgrade matched in 2.1.2 and for the unmodified building.
2.2.2 Select the output columns from Appendix 2, for the replacement type of the Intervention and for the energy source being derived. The columns differ by replacement type, so a column set taken from a different replacement type describes a different Intervention.
2.2.3 Sum the selected columns for each hour. The result is an 8760 of Energy Intensity, in the units of the ResStock output columns.
2.2.4 The unmodified building supplies the Counterfactual fuel series and the upgraded building supplies the Residual Fuel series and the electricity series.
2.3 OpenDSM daily model
2.3.1 The OpenDSM EEMeter daily method fits a time-series regression of daily energy consumption against heating and cooling degree days. It is used in this methodology only as the weather normalization engine in 3.2, and not to model consumption at the Asset, because this methodology consumes no meter data from the Asset.
3 Helper methods
3.1 Loadshape time-matching
3.1.1 Given an hour in a deemed loadshape, match it to an hour of the Reporting Period that has the same hour of day, the same day of week, and the same ISO week number.
3.1.2 Where the Reporting Period contains an hour with no counterpart in the deemed loadshape, the Implementer shall match that hour to the nearest hour that shares its hour of day and day of week, and shall record the adjustment. An ISO week 53 has no counterpart in an 8760.
3.2 Weather normalization from an 8760 to the Reporting Period
3.2.1 Obtain hourly outdoor air temperature for the weather file that produced the ResStock loadshape, under 3.3.
3.2.2 Obtain hourly outdoor air temperature at the location of the Asset, covering the Reporting Period, under 3.3.
3.2.3 Aggregate the 8760 to daily totals, and fit a daily model to those totals against the weather data from 3.2.1, using the method in 2.3.
3.2.4 Predict daily consumption over the Reporting Period, using the weather data from 3.2.2.
3.2.5 Match the hours of the 8760 to the hours of the Reporting Period under 3.1.
3.2.6 Rescale the matched hourly loadshape so that each day of the Reporting Period sums to the daily prediction from 3.2.4.
3.3 Weather data sources
3.3.1 The Implementer shall use an outdoor air temperature source that publishes its method and its station coverage. EEWeather satisfies this requirement within the United States.
3.3.2 The Implementer shall use, for the model fit in 3.2.3, the weather file that NREL published alongside the ResStock loadshape. Fitting the model against a different year of weather than the one that produced the loadshape attributes weather response to the wrong conditions.
3.3.3 The Implementer shall use one source for the whole Reporting Period. A change of source mid-period introduces a step change that the daily model attributes to the Intervention.
Assumptions
The assumptions are ordered from the largest to the smallest expected effect on the reported impact.
1 A single matched building represents the Asset. The estimate rests on one ResStock building selected by attribute filters, rather than on a distribution over the candidate population. The direction of the error is not known in advance, and its size is bounded only by the filters in Appendix 4. This is the largest single source of uncertainty in the methodology, and it is the price of consuming no meter data. Reporting the size of the candidate population, as 2.1.7 requires, is what lets a Verifier judge how tightly the attributes constrained the result.
2 A predefined upgrade package stands in for the installed Device. The ResStock upgrades listed in Appendix 1 have fixed efficiencies, which can differ from the efficiency of the Device actually installed. Where the matched upgrade is less efficient than the Device, the deemed additional electricity is too high and the reported net impact is too low. That direction is conservative, and the assumption is accepted on that basis. Where the matched upgrade is more efficient than the Device, the reported net impact is too high, so the Implementer shall select the least efficient upgrade that corresponds to the Intervention.
3 An electric backup is assumed where the Asset has none. Methodology 2.1.3 selects an upgrade carrying an electric backup when the Asset has no backup system. Electric backup consumption raises the deemed additional electricity, which lowers the reported net impact. The error direction is conservative, and the assumption is accepted on that basis.
4 Both sides of the impact are scaled by one Equivalent Floor Area. Methodology 1.3.2 scales the electricity loadshape by the figure that 1.2 derived from the fuel side. This binds the two series to a building of one size, which is the point, but it also propagates any error in the fuel scaling into the electricity series. Because the error enters both sides in the same direction, its effect on the net impact is smaller than its effect on either series alone.
5 Energy Intensity scales linearly with floor area. Both scaling methods multiply a per-area intensity by an area. Real energy intensity falls as floor area rises, because the ratio of envelope area to volume falls, so scaling to an Asset larger than the matched building overstates consumption. The floor area filter in Appendix 4.2 bounds the effect by keeping the matched building in the same floor area band as the Asset.
6 The temperature response of the matched building transfers to the Reporting Period. The weather normalization in 3.2 fits a degree-day model to the deemed 8760 and predicts over Reporting Period weather. This assumes that heating and cooling degree days capture the weather response of the building, and that the response is stable across the two periods. The assumption weakens as the Reporting Period weather moves outside the range present in the ResStock weather file, and a prediction outside that range is an extrapolation.
7 The Device operates unchanged for its Effective Useful Life. Methodology 1.5 claims impact for the whole submitted Effective Useful Life, and this methodology consumes no meter data, so nothing observes a Device that has failed, been removed, or been operated differently. The error direction is not conservative: a Device that stopped working still accrues claimed impact. The Effective Useful Life is therefore the only control on the claim, which is why 1.5.3 forbids extending beyond it.
8 Occupancy patterns align by weekday and week number. The time-matching in 3.1 pairs hours by hour of day, day of week, and ISO week number rather than by calendar date. Holidays, and any occupancy pattern tied to a date rather than to a weekday, therefore land on the wrong hour. The effect redistributes consumption within the year without changing the annual total, so it affects the hourly attribution of an Energy Attribute Certificate and not the quantity.
9 The ResStock output columns represent the Baseline fuel. The columns in Appendix 2 are selected by energy source, and the dataset carries natural gas, fuel oil, district hot water, and district steam. An Asset whose Baseline fuel is propane or delivered wood is outside the scope stated above, because no column represents it and no substitution is defensible.
Appendix 1: NREL ResStock measure upgrades
This appendix is informative. The NREL End-Use Load Profiles Technical Documentation, cited in Normative References, defines each upgrade.
1 Basic enclosure
2 Enhanced enclosure
3 Heat pumps, minimum efficiency, electric backup
4 Heat pumps, high efficiency, electric backup
5 Heat pumps, minimum efficiency, existing heating as backup
6 Heat pump water heaters
7 Whole-home electrification, minimum efficiency
8 Whole-home electrification, high efficiency
9 Whole-home electrification, high efficiency with basic enclosure package
10 Whole-home electrification, high efficiency with enhanced enclosure package
Appendix 2: Replacement type to NREL ResStock column mapping
This appendix is normative. Methodology 2.2.2 consumes it.
A column name carries the energy source as a substring, shown here as `<fuel>` for the Baseline fuel and `electricity` for electricity. Every name is prefixed `out_` and suffixed `_energy_consumption_intensity`, which the table omits for width.
An electrification Intervention takes its columns from the first table. The column set differs by replacement type, and a set taken from another replacement type describes a different Intervention.
| Replacement type | Baseline fuel columns | Electricity columns |
|---|---|---|
| Heating only | `<fuel>_heating`, `<fuel>_heating_hp_bkup`, and `<fuel>_fireplace` where the fuel is natural gas | `electricity_heating`, `electricity_heating_fans_pumps` |
| Water heater only | `<fuel>_hot_water` | `electricity_hot_water` |
| Whole building | `<fuel>_heating`, `<fuel>_heating_hp_bkup`, `<fuel>_hot_water`, and both `<fuel>_fireplace` and `<fuel>_range_oven` where the fuel is natural gas | `electricity_heating`, `electricity_heating_fans_pumps`, `electricity_hot_water`, `electricity_range_oven` |
Two rules apply to the first table:
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Where the replacement carries an electric resistance backup, the Implementer shall add `electricity_heating_hp_bkup` to the electricity columns. That column is the backup element, and omitting it understates the additional electricity.
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The `range_oven` and `fireplace` columns appear for natural gas only, because the ResStock dataset carries no fuel oil, district hot water, or district steam consumption for those end uses.
An energy efficiency Intervention takes the whole-premises total instead, for both energy sources, because such an Intervention changes the envelope rather than one end use:
| Intervention | Baseline fuel column | Electricity column |
|---|---|---|
| Energy efficiency upgrade | `<fuel>_total` | `electricity_total` |
Appendix 3: Worked illustration
This appendix is informative. It carries one set of realistic figures end to end through the floor-area scaling method in Methodology 1.2.2 and the electricity method in 1.3. The ResStock output columns are published in kBtu/ft², and this illustration converts them to kWh/m² at 1 kBtu/ft² = 3.155 kWh/m².
The Asset is a single-family detached house with a natural gas furnace and a natural gas storage water heater. The Intervention installed an air source heat pump and a heat pump water heater, so the replacement type is Whole building and the Baseline fuel is natural gas. No annual fuel consumption was submitted, so Methodology 1.2.2 applies.
| Quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| Conditioned Floor Area | 167 m² |
| Candidate population after the Appendix 4 filters | 412 buildings |
| Candidate population after narrowing, under 2.1.6 | 1 building |
| Matched upgrade | Whole-home electrification, minimum efficiency |
| Sum of the natural gas columns over the 8760, unmodified building | 79.0 kWh/m² |
| Sum of the natural gas columns over the 8760, upgraded building | 3.2 kWh/m² |
| Sum of the electricity columns over the 8760, upgraded building | 25.2 kWh/m² |
Scaling by Conditioned Floor Area, under 1.2.2.2, then by the Equivalent Floor Area under 1.3.2. The Equivalent Floor Area here is the Conditioned Floor Area, because floor area did the scaling.
| Quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| Deemed annual Counterfactual natural gas | 79.0 kWh/m² × 167 m² = 13,193 kWh |
| Deemed annual Residual Fuel | 3.2 kWh/m² × 167 m² = 534 kWh |
| Deemed annual avoided natural gas, under 1.4.2 | 13,193 − 534 = 12,659 kWh |
| Deemed annual additional electricity | 25.2 kWh/m² × 167 m² = 4,208 kWh |
The Residual Fuel of 534 kWh is the gas range and the fireplace, which this upgrade does not electrify. Clause 1.4.2 subtracts it, so it is not reported as avoided. A Residual Fuel of zero is correct only for a full replacement. Zero on a partial upgrade indicates that the upgraded building’s fuel columns were never read.
The ratio of avoided fuel to additional electricity is 3.01. That figure is not the seasonal efficiency of the heat pump: the avoided natural gas is fuel input to a furnace, not delivered heat. At a furnace efficiency of 0.80 the delivered heat is 10,127 kWh, which implies a seasonal coefficient of performance of 2.41. A reader who checks this illustration can reproduce that intermediate figure. A ratio near or below 1.0 indicates that the wrong columns were summed.
The Reporting Period in this illustration ran 12% above the heating degree days of the ResStock weather file. The daily model fitted under 3.2.3 and predicted under 3.2.4 returns the totals below, and 3.2.6 then rescales each day of the matched hourly loadshape to the daily prediction.
| Quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| Weather-normalized avoided natural gas | 13,740 kWh |
| Weather-normalized additional electricity | 4,561 kWh |
The weather adjustment moves both series in the same direction, because both are driven by the same heating load. A weather adjustment that moves them in opposite directions indicates that the two loadshapes were fitted against different weather data, which 3.3.2 forbids.
Appendix 4: NREL ResStock filters
This appendix is normative. The field descriptions are taken from the NREL ResStock Data Dictionary cited in Normative References.
Appendix 4.1: Fixed filters
The Implementer shall apply both filters in this table.
| Field | Description | Value | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| in.vacancy_status | Whether the building is occupied or vacant | Occupied | An unoccupied building carries no occupancy-driven load, so its loadshape does not represent an occupied Asset. |
| in.hvac_heating_efficiency | Presence and efficiency of the heating system | Starts with “Fuel” | An Asset that was already all-electric has no avoided fuel, so the Baseline heating system is fuel-fired. |
Appendix 4.2: Attribute filters
The Implementer shall filter on every attribute marked required, under Methodology 2.1.4. The remaining attributes narrow the candidate population under Methodology 2.1.6.
| Field | Description | Required |
|---|---|---|
| in.state | The state in which the building is located | Yes |
| in.geometry_building_type_recs | Building type classification based on RECS data | Yes |
| in.geometry_floor_area | Total floor area of the building | Yes |
| in.geometry_stories | Number of building storeys | Yes |
| in.vintage | Period in which the building was constructed | Yes |
| in.hvac_heating_type_and_fuel | Presence, type, and fuel of the heating system | Yes |
| in.insulation_wall | Wall construction type and insulation level | No |
| in.insulation_floor | Floor insulation level | No |
| in.insulation_ceiling | Ceiling insulation level | No |
| in.heating_setpoint | Baseline heating setpoint with no offset applied | No |
| in.heating_setpoint_offset_magnitude | Magnitude of the heating setpoint offset | No |
| in.infiltration | Air leakage rate of the living space and the garage | No |
| in.hvac_heating_efficiency | Presence and efficiency of the heating system | No |
| in.hvac_heating_type | Presence and type of the heating system | No |
| in.water_heater_fuel | Fuel type used for water heating | No |
The postal code of the Asset resolves the climate region used for selection, so no separate climate zone attribute is filtered. The construction period is required rather than optional, because it carries the envelope characteristics that the optional insulation attributes describe only in part.